Ampicillin

Ampicillin exerts bactericidal action on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms such as staphylococci(non-betalactamase-producing), strep. Pyogenes, strep.pnuemoniae, strep. Viridans, group B streptococci, Faecalis, Peptococcus,.
Ampicillin is active against the following Gram-negative organisms.Ampicillin is not active against Serratia,Citrobacter most spp. Of Proteus, Yersinia and Pseudomonas.Ampicillin exerts it’a action by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall.

Indications & Dosage:

Oral – General Dosage : Adults 250-500 mg 3-4 times/day. Higher doses upto 1g 6 hourly may be given.
Upper and Lower
RTI-Bronchitis,Lung abscess,Pneumonia etc: General Dosage.
Otitis Media – Children: 125mg to 750mg for 3-10 days
Sinusitis: General Dosage
Tonsilitis,Pharyngitis:General dosage
Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: General dosage.
Typhoid: General dosage, because of drug resistance not the first choice. Response may be slow.

IV: Bacterial Meningitis: 2g 1v every 6 hr in adults and half of this in children.

Composition:

Each Tablet Contains

(a) Ampicillin Trihydrate B.P. 250mg.

(b) Ampicillin Trihydrate B.P. 500mg.

Composition (Syrup 30/60ml):

Each 5ml Syrup Contains

Ampicillin Trihydrate 125mg.

Safety Alert:

CL: Hypersens to penicillins. Infections due to penicillinase producing organisms.
SP : Infectious mononucleosis , renal failure , lactation.
INT POT-HAZ: None Reported. Others – Simultaneous use with oral contraceptives may lead to break through bleeding or pregnancy. Effect reduced by bacteriostatic agents. Skin rash increased withwith allopurinol.
ADR POT-LT: Rarely anaphylactic shock and pseudomembranous colitis.
LAB INT: Interferes with estimation of serum albumin, electrophoresis of urine for amino acids and urinary glucose estimation.
INT FOOD: Reduced Absorption

Cephalexin

Active against Strep.Pneumoniae, Nieisseria meningitdis, N.gonorrhoeae and Staphylococci, Strep.Viridans. Less active against penicillinase – producing Staphylococci.

Indications & Dosage:

Oral -
Respiratory Tract Infections, Sinusitis, Otitis, skin and soft tissue infections.

Adults: 1-2 g/day in divided doses given 6-8 hourly. In severe conditions upto 4g/day . Children – 25-50mg/kg/day doubled in severe infections. 2-4 divided doses.
Gonorrhea: 2-3g along with Probenecid 0.5-1g as a single dose.

Composition:

Each Capsule Contains

Cephalexin B.P. 250mg ,

Cephalexin B.P. 500mg

Composition (Syrup 30/60ml):

Each 5ml Syrup Contains

Cephalexin 125mg.

Safety Alert:

CL: Known hypersens to cephalosporins.
SP: Hypersens to penicillins . Pseudomembranous colitis, pregnancy and lactation, renal failure.
INT POT-HAZ: None reported. Others – Activity enhanced by aminoglycosides.
ADR POT-LT: Anaphylactic reaction.
LAB INT: False positive for urine sugar.
INT FOOD : Absorption is delayed and Cmax is reduced.

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