Bacopa monnieri is a small, creeping herb that contains the alkaloids brahmine and herpestine.

The entire plant constitutes the well-known drug Brahmi. The drug is astringent, bitter and cooling, and, reportedly improves the intellect. It is used in Ayurveda for the treatment of asthma, hoarseness, insanity, and epilepsy and is also a potent nerve tonic, cardiotonic, aperient and diuretic.

It is reported to improve the intellect, and, acts as an anti-anxiety agent. It also calms restlessness in children and is used in several mental disorders.

Bauhinia variegata is a medium-sized, deciduous tree with variously colored flowers.

Its principal constituents are the seeds which yield a fatty oil, the bark yields fiber. The bark is astringent, tonic and anthelmintic. It is useful in scrofula and skin diseases. It is also used for ulcers and leprosy. A decoction of the bark is taken for dysentery. The dried buds are used for diarrhea, dysentery and hemorrhoids.

Berberis aristata is an erect shrub.

Berberine, berberine chloride and palmative chloride are its principal constituents. The roots possess antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. The drug is used as a cholagogue, stomachic, laxative, diaphoretic, antipyretic and antiseptic. It is administered externally for painful eye afflictions and hemorrhoids. The root bark is useful in amenorrhoea.

It has an essential active ingredient, Berberine, which possesses anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. It is used in the treatment of leucorrhoea.

Blepharis edulis is a small, grey-pubescent or nearly glabrous perennial herb found in the Thar desert and in Africa.

The stem is rigid and leaves are four in each node. The flowers are blue, in strobilate inflorescence. The capsules are 2-seeded. Blepharin was identified from the seeds. The seeds are considered aphrodisiac, and are also resolvent and diuretic.

Boerhaavia diffusa is a weed found throughout India.

The roots contain the rotenoids, boeravinones A1, B1, C2, D, E and F besides the new dihydroisofurenoxanthin and boerhavine. The roots are credited with anti-convulsant, analgesic, diuretic, laxative and expectorant properties.

It has been found to stop intra-uterine-contraceptive-device (IUCD)-induced bleeding. This herb is also known for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, which are comparable to that of ibuprofen. It has also proved useful as a hematinic.

A lofty, deciduous tree with horizontally, spreading branches.

The bark, on analysis, possesses tannins and non-tannins. It also contains lupeol, ß-sitosterol and its D-glucoside. The bark is given as a demulcent, emetic and tonic. Externally, it is used as a styptic, and also for fomenting wounds. The gum is credited with astringent, tonic, and demulcent properties and is used for dysentery, hemoptysis in pulmonary tuberculosis, influenza and menorrhagia.

It is a white to grayish, greenish or bluish colored granular mineral, crystallizing in monoclinic system. It is in usage since the historical time. Borax is a well known house-hold commodity. It is mildly antiseptic and cooling properties.

Commonly called Frankincense, Boswellia serrata is a moderate to large branching tree, found in India and the Middle East. Strips of bark are peeled away, yielding a gummy oleo resin.

The gum is used as an anti-inflammatory agent when applied externally. Internally, besides being antiarthritic, it has expectorant effect and improves immunity. One of the principal constituents in the gum resin is boswellic acid which exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. The gum resin is used as an ointment for sores and has anti-inflammatory, antiatherosclerotic and antiarthritic activities. The nonphenolic fraction of the gum resin had marked sedative and analgesic action.

A deciduous tree with a crooked trunk and bright orange-red flowers.

The bark exudes a red juice that dries to form the Butea gum. The gum contains leucocyanidin, tetramer, procyanidin, gallic acid and mucilaginous material.
The gum is a powerful astringent; it is given internally for diarrhea, dysentery, phthisis and hemorrhage of the stomach and bladder.

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It is a large woody liane with large trifoliate leaves, white or cream colored flowers and single seeded fruits found throughout India.  Roots contains rotenone.